Experience in Applying Zhigancao Decoction in Treatment of Respiratory Diseases / 中国中医药信息杂志

Zhigancao Decoction is from Shang Han Lun,which is widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases nowadays,such as arrhythmia,myocarditis,heart failure and so on.Moreover,according to records in Wai Tai Mi Yao:Zhigancao Decoction can also be used to treat lung"atrophy". This article introduced application of Zhigancao Decoction in treating respiratory diseases with good efficacy, which could provide new ideas for the TCM treatment of advanced respiratory diseases.

Role of drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes in pharmacokinetics of antibiotics / 药物评价研究

In recent years,the research on drag transporters has made great progress,more and more transporters have been found and studied,and they have shown important roles in the transport of drug across the cellular membrane.Various transporters,including uptake transporters and effiux transporters,have important effects on the pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions.Studies have shown that the process in vivo of most of the antibiotics was related to transporters and metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 and CYP450).Therefore,this article summarized the latest research progress in pharmacokinetics and drug-drug interactions of transporters and CYP450,so that provides evidence for clinical rational use of antibiotics.

Role of hepatic transporters and metabolic enzymes in chemical substances-induced liver injury / 药物评价研究

Liver is an important metabolic and detoxification organ in the body.Hepatic transporters are a series of functional membrane proteins that are extensively expressed in the liver.They are responsible for the uptake of endogenous and exogenous substances such as medicines into hepatocytes and excretion of their metabolic products into bile.Recent studies have provided that transporters and metabolic enzymes play important roles in the chemical substances-induced liver injury,and its various regulatory mechanisms have become hot topics of research.In this paper,we summarize the classification of hepatic transporters and metabolic enzymes and the changes of transporters and metabolic enzymes in the chemical substances-induced liver injury and its regulatory mechanism.

Mechanism of hepatic transporters and metabolic enzymes in cholestatic liver injury / 药物评价研究

Cholestatic liver injury,which is mainly caused by the disruption of bile acids,is common in the clinic.The pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury is directly related to the changes of bile acid-related transporters,synthetic and metabolic enzymes.Nuclear receptors play a crucial part in cholestatic liver injury by regulating the expression of transporters and metabolic enzymes that maintaining the homeostasis of bile acids.In this review,we focus on the role of hepatic transporters and metabolic enzymes in cholestatic liver injury and the mechanism of nuclear receptors on the regulation of transporters and metabolic enzymes.

Vital role of transporters in renal drug elimination / 药物评价研究

Transporters are a class of functional membrane proteins which are broadly expressed in the kidney and play a vital role in the reabsorption and secretion of many endogenous and xenobiotic compounds by the kidney.The renal proximal tubule is the primary site of transporter-mediated active transport for many drugs,including organic anion drugs,organic cation drugs and peptide drugs.Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions may occur in the kidney when some drugs are co-administration.In this review,we focus on the location and function of major transporters in the kidney and summarize their vital role in renal drug elimination.

Vital role of oligopeptide transporters in physiology and drug transport and their clinical relevance / 药物评价研究

The oligopeptide transporters (PEPTs),including PEPT1 and PEPT2,belong to the SLC family and are driven by H+ gradient.PEPT1,the low-affinity and high-capacity transporter,is mainly expressed in small intestine,whereas PEPT2,the high-affinity and low-capacity transporter,is mainly expressed in kidney,brain and lung and has a broader distribution in the organism.The PEPTs are responsible for the absorption and conservation of dietary protein digestion products in intestine and kidney,respectively,and in maintaining homeostasis of neuropeptides in brain.They are also responsible for the absorption and disposition of a number of pharmacologically important compounds including some aminocephalosporins,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors,antiviral prodrugs and others.And PEPTs are also associated with some intestinal diseases and cancer.Therefore,this article summarizes the important role of PEPTs in physiology and drug transport and their clinical relevance.

Progress in effects of rhein on drug transporters and metabolic enzymes / 药物评价研究

Drug transporters and drag metabolic enzymes are crucial factors in the process of drug treatment.Rhein,as the main active component of traditional Chinese medicine rhubarb,has a wide range of pharmacological activities.Previous studies have shown that rhein is closely related to drug transporters and metabolic enzymes,and can directly activate or inhibit the functions of a variety of transporters and their protein expression.Furthermore,rhein can inhibit the function and protein expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP450),a drug metabolizing enzyme.Thus,when rhein is combined with other drugs,the drug-drug interaction (DDI) may occur based on pharmacokinetic.This paper focuses on the distribution of drug transporters,metabolic enzymes,and the effects of rhein on transporters and metabolic enzymes.

Research progress on regulation mechanism of epigenetic modifications for drug transporters / 药物评价研究

Drug transporters play a key role in drug absorption,distribution and excretion.The distribution and expression of transporters in tissues and organs are regulated by epigenetic modifications,resulting in individual differences of drugs disposition significantly.With the development of epigenetics,researches on the regulation of drug transporters expression based on epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation,histone modification,microRNA interference,etc.) have been more and more reported.In this paper,we will summarize the epigenetic modifications regulating drug transporters.